Udaipur, often referred to as the “City of Lakes,” is a picturesque city located in the Indian state of Rajasthan. This title is derived from the city’s rich array of beautiful lakes, which are central to its charm, history, and cultural heritage. These lakes, many of which are man-made, not only enhance the scenic beauty of Udaipur but also play a crucial role in its history and daily life.
A Historical Overview
Udaipur was founded by Maharana Udai Singh II in 1559, after the fall of Chittorgarh to the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Udai Singh, seeking a safer and more secure location for his capital, moved to the lush valley surrounded by the Aravalli Hills, which provided both natural defense and resources. One of the primary reasons for choosing this site was its proximity to several lakes and rivers. The Maharana’s foresight led to the creation of artificial lakes to ensure a consistent water supply to the kingdom.
Over centuries, Udaipur’s rulers contributed to constructing and maintaining an extensive system of lakes, making it one of the most water-abundant regions in arid Rajasthan. These lakes became essential to the city’s survival, supporting agriculture, trade, and providing potable water. At the same time, they added an aesthetic appeal, turning Udaipur into a serene oasis.
Udaipur’s Major Lakes
- Lake Pichola
Lake Pichola, arguably the most famous of Udaipur’s lakes, was created in 1362 AD. It was expanded by Maharana Udai Singh II when he founded the city. The lake is surrounded by stunning palaces, ghats (banks), temples, and luxurious hotels. The Jag Mandir and the iconic Lake Palace, which sits in the middle of Lake Pichola, are prime examples of Rajasthani architecture and royal splendor. Sunset boat rides across the lake are a favorite activity among tourists, offering unparalleled views of the City Palace and the Aravalli hills reflecting in the water. - Fateh Sagar Lake
To the north of Lake Pichola lies Fateh Sagar Lake, another artificial wonder, which was originally constructed by Maharana Jai Singh in the late 1600s and later expanded by Maharana Fateh Singh. The lake is known for its serene ambiance, and it houses three islands, including the popular Nehru Park. With the backdrop of the Aravalli hills, Fateh Sagar is a favorite spot for both locals and tourists for boat rides, picnics, and evening walks along its shores. - Udai Sagar Lake
Udai Sagar Lake, built by Maharana Udai Singh in 1565, is another of Udaipur’s prominent lakes. It was originally constructed to provide water for the city’s inhabitants and irrigation for nearby farms. The lake has a historical significance as well—it was the site of battles between the rulers of Mewar and the Mughals. Today, the lake remains a peaceful retreat away from the busier parts of Udaipur. - Jaisamand Lake
Also known as Dhebar Lake, Jaisamand is one of the largest artificial lakes in Asia. It was created by Maharana Jai Singh in 1685 to build an embankment on the Gomti River. The lake stretches over a vast area, with marble steps leading down to the water, and its dam is decorated with statues of elephants. Jaisamand Island Resort, located on one of its islands, offers visitors a luxurious escape into nature. The lake is also home to Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary, which supports rich biodiversity, including panthers, leopards, and a variety of migratory birds. - Rajsamand Lake
This lake, located around 60 km north of Udaipur, was built by Maharana Raj Singh in the 17th century. It is historically significant, as it was used for public water supply, irrigation, and even as a venue for royal boating parties. The Rajsamand Lake is particularly famous for its marble embankment, adorned with pavilions that are inscribed with Sanskrit verses and royal genealogy.
Ecological and Cultural Importance
The lakes of Udaipur are integral to its ecosystem. They help moderate the local climate, store rainwater during the monsoon season, and support local agriculture. In the midst of Rajasthan’s semi-arid region, these lakes serve as a crucial resource for both the population and wildlife.
Moreover, Udaipur’s lakes are closely tied to the city’s cultural and spiritual life. Many religious ceremonies take place on the ghats surrounding the lakes, and they are a focal point during festivals like Ganguar and Diwali. For centuries, they have been a source of inspiration for poets, artists, and architects, who have created masterpieces influenced by the scenic water bodies.
